Geological interpretations from the pge distribution in. It provides the writing guides to assist students with letter formation. These mills may be divided into three types rod mills, ball mills and autogenous mills. May 11, 2015 the library has reprography section to provide the facility to its readers. Merensky and platreef have similar chemical and mineral composition 6, 10. The extent of reduction for all these ores seems to be similar considering the small difference in the amount of removable o2 from each ore table i. The impact of platinum production from ug2 ore on ferrochrome production typically 5052% cr to be converted to stainless steel, by the 1980s reserves of crfe ratios of atok section, bushveld complex. Novel hypothesis for origin of massive chromitites in the. Investigating fine grinding of ug2 ore article in minerals engineering 82 april 2015 with 273 reads how we measure reads. Mom spends all her time in the cave all day, half naked, and pulling out the guts of dead animals.
Chemical and textural reequilibration in the ug2 chromitite layer. The first oxford degrees were awarded to composers, the earliest of which were the b. Ug2 antipotholes are here up to 2030 m in diameter and up to 15 m high. In the first type, the rod mill, the ore is introduced into the mill. Within the bushveld igneous complex, the merensky reef, the platreef and upper group 2 ug2 reef are exploited for platinum production 1, 4, 9. Pdf hydrogen isotope composition of the merensky reef and. The principal function of project evaluation is to determine the potential profitability of a project. This book will be appreciated by students, teachers and professional geologists for its clarity of expression and scholarship of content. The size distribution and composition of materials in grinding circuits are often quantified by population balance models, more appropriately called sizemass. A pyroxenite overlies the ug2 chromitite layers in the northeastern sections. The mottled anorthosite is composed of traces of quartz, titanite and apatite minerals. The illuminator is a steady light source that is located in the base of the microscope. Hydrogen isotope composition of the merensky reef and related rocks, atok section, bushveld complex. Minerals free fulltext quantitative data extraction.
Please enter your email address below to start a free trial to access this powerful metals pricing tool. This paper will describe the operation of the new circuit. It is a norite with extensive chromitite and sulfide layers or zones containing the ore. It should be noted that ug2, leader and triplet chromitites follow the outline of the pothole margins. Guide to composition royster, james finch, thompson, stith on.
Ore hardness decreases as the proportion of harder waste material is removed, thereby increasing the comminution capacity downstream of the sorting section. He comes up with good ides but everyone thinks he is crazy and none of his ideas work. During the grinding process, about 50% of the pgms are liberated. The centersewn binding securely holds 120 ruled sheets to provide plenty of space for recording data or notes, while the hard, sturdy marble cover protects contents and supplies space for names or titles. You can directly access the articles in this publication using the search box on the left. Ug also doesnt like the stone bed he sleeps on, or the stone blanket he sleeps under. The merensky reef varies from 30 to 90 cm in thickness. The companys filing status is listed as active and its file number is 537973. Variations of chromite composition in vertical profiles across the ug2 layer.
In the western bushveld the pyroxenite overlying what is taken to be the ug2 is often olivinebearing cawthorn and barry, 1992. In mining, the project profitability is influenced by many factors such as mining methodology, ore treatment methodology and production rates. In this study it was found that the main ore zone from each ug2 reef sample is characterised by cumulate chromite grains with variable characteristics depending on the grain size, composition. Each student has a composition book for dictation of sounds, words, and sentences. Characterization and beneficiation of anka chromite ore.
However, the ug2 reef lacks the merenskys gold, copper and nickel byproducts, though its reserves may be almost twice those of the merensky reef. The anglo platinum, rustenburg section operations, located to the east of the town of rustenburg in north west province, south africa, exploit ores from both the merensky and ug2 reefs in the critical zone in the southwestern section of the western lobe of the bushveld complex. The content of cr 2 o 3 for metallurgicalgrade chromite ore is in the range 4255% and the chromiumtoiron ratio is higher than 1. A novel hypothesis for origin of massive chromitites in the bushveld. Ug doesnt like his stone pants and wants nice, comfortable soft ones. All bends are formed by an automatic mandrel bending process. Preconcentrating and upgrading of ores saimm vineyard hotel august 1 st 2012 chris rule, head of concentrator technology acknowledgement to professor alan bye, university of queensland, crc ore. The library has reprography section to provide the facility to its readers. Dad doesnt seem to do anything at all except to talk about back in his day. The variability in texture and composition of chromite due to its primary crystallization.
In the platreef, pd, os and ir were found to occur within base metal sulfides, whereas ptbearing minerals were found close to alteration rims of base metal sulfides or enclosed in quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar and clinopyroxene. Ug spends the whole book questioning the way they live back in the stone age. Notnagel dra mining abstract mining and plant disciplines can benefit from preconcentration of ug2 platinum ores in a dense medium separation dms plant. The impact of platinum production from ug2 ore on ferrochrome production typically 5052% cr to be converted to stainless steel, by the 1980s reserves of crfe ratios of composition of chromite due to its primary crystallization and subsequent modification by the development of potholes or through irup intrusions are thought to influence the flotation behaviour of the ug2 main seam chromitite ore. The merensky reef varies from 30 to 90cm in thickness. The ug2 ore is a multicomponent platinum group element pge ore from the bushveld complex in south africa, contributing an estimated 40% to global pge resources. The interior covers of this oxford composition notebook contain a class schedule and conversion charts to help you stay organized. These quantities determine the chromium content in the smelted chromium ferroalloys. Using mineralogical and particle shape analysis to. And the cold, raw dead animal bits well they dont seem that appealing either. Interactive video showing typical adjustments that can be made on the substage assembly. It was estimated that this massive ore deposit has been formed before 2000 years ago, an area of 370 kilometers. Overall, the merensky reef is observed to be a lower layer composed of anorthosite or norite with a thin.
Northams processing and refining capability presents a significant strategic advantage for the group. I thought that the community could benefit from a little. For a nonslip finish peened add suffix x to model number. Above the ug3a chromitite is an olivinebearing pyroxenite gain, 1985. The ug2 reef, the composition of which is relatively consistent throughout the bic, is rich in chromite. Evaluation of pge liberation and chromium isolation in a. And these pgms are discovered in three distinct layers known as reefs where the main source of which are the merensky reef, first opened in the year 1925 and the upper group 2 ug2 reef, where mining started in the year 1970s. Ore from such areas are characterised by a basemetal sulphide. Ug2 potholes are here up to 50100 m in diameter and up to 40 m deep. As an integrated metals producer, northams smelting capability dates back to 1993, when the metallurgical complex was first commissioned. Start your 7 day free trial to fastmarkets mb today view over 950 global steel and metals reference prices. These three ore bodies are principally beneficiated by froth flotation.
Ug2 llc in boston, ma get driving directions to 550 huntington ave boston, ma 02115. In south africa, the pgm ore is mined in the western and eastern limb of the bushveld igneous complex. Pdf geometallurgical characterization of merensky reef and ug2. Actual product packaging and materials may contain more andor different information than that shown on our web site. Processes and ore deposits of ultramaficmafic magmas through space and time focuses on the fundamental processes that control the formation of ore deposits from ultramaficmafic magmas, covering chromite, platinumgroup element pge, nisulfides and tivbearing magnetite.
Minerals free fulltext quantitative data extraction from. The exploration, exploitation and use of these magmatic ores are. The approach is demonstrated through a mineralogical analysis of ug2 ore sampled from the discharge of a primary ball mill. On ug2 ore specifically, ore upgrading will result in not only a higher pgm grade to the mill but an increase in chromite spinel concentration measured as % cr 2o 3. Ug2 llc is an iowa foreign limitedliability company filed on january 5, 2017.
Mineralogical characterisation of chromite in the ug2 reef. Chromite ore has a spinel structure with a general formula of fe,mgo. It will also describe some of the more novel aspects and interesting findings from. The milled pgm ore is treated using gravity separators and flotation cells. The merensky reef is a layer of igneous rock in the bushveld igneous complex bic in the. Ug2 chromitite is known for enrichment of pges, and extends for nearly the entire 400 km length of the eastern. The registered agent on file for this company is c t corporation system and is located at 400 e court ave ste 110, des moines, ia 50309. Ug2 116 huntington ave boston, ma federal government. The story of the decline of the south african mining industry. Bushveld from merensky reef to the ug2 and platreef orebodies.
The orebodies within the complex include the ug2 upper group 2 reef containing up to 43. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. Since exploitation of the ug2 ore would have more than doubled resources, the incentive for development of a suitable process was high. The use of ammonium phosphate flux was also shown to facilitate the isolation of a green chromium precipitate with a 98. I first did these composition classes on the minolta forum in 2003.
On ug2 ore specifically, ore upgrading will result in not only a higher pgm grade to the mill but an increase in chromite spinel concentration measured as % cr 2o. The magmatic evolution of the rocks hosting this worldclass ore deposit for chromium and platinum group elements pges is still under debate. This book can be purchased separately or in a 10pack. Orthopyroxene is a common phase across the magmatic stratigraphy of the unit. Variations of mineral chemistry and wholerock compositions were studied. Development of pgms and chrome extraction circuit from ug 2 ore. The rustenburg section comprises 5 adjacent mines bathopele, khomanani, thembelani. Typically, the ug2 chromitite layer consists of rounded chromite grains in a primary silicate matrix of pyroxene and plagioclase, with small amounts of secondary silicates such as talc and chlorite. The condenser consists of two or more lenses that focus the illuminator light onto the sample placed on the stage, and one or more apertures to control illumination see below. A sulphiderich pgm concentrate is produced in the flotation cells.
Composition and textures of chromite and platinumgroup minerals in chromitites of the western. Pdf process mineralogy delivering significant value at. Shop staples for oxford composition notebook, 934 x 712. The ug2 reef, the composition of which is relatively consistent throughout the bic. Somehow though the book falls a bit flat, even the concepts behind it are quite imaginative. White consulting economic geologist and honorary research professor, codes, university of tasmania if youve been searching for a modern textbook on metallic ore deposits, this is a good choice. Typically there is some 8% loss in revenue 48% cr52% cr 0. The ore grade and composition show high variation, in contrast to the merensky reef and ug2 chromite layer. The impact of platinum production from ug2 ore on ferrochrome. Ug2 chrome ore prices jump on stronger rand south african ug2 chrome ore prices jumped on friday february 19 as the south african rand strengthened against the dollar. The type of mill that is used for grinding ore in a modern concentrator is the wet tumbling mill. The lower seam comprises more than 48% by area of ptpd sulfides. The books homepage helps you explore earths biggest bookstore without ever leaving the comfort of your couch.
Fastmarkets mb price book contains over 950 global metal prices including steel prices and scrap prices. Composers have been present in oxford ever since the obscure beginnings of the university. The switch to turn on the illuminator is typically located at the rear or on the side of the base of the microscope. The bushveld complex of south africa contains three of the most important platinum deposits in the world namely the merensky reef, the upper group two ug2 chromitite reef and the platreef. Here youll find current best sellers in books, new releases in books, deals in books, kindle ebooks, audible audiobooks, and so much more. The western governors university composition department. The platinumgroup chemistry and mineralogy of the ug2. What is the difference between a microprobe thin section and a standard thin section, and why do you think this difference is necessary.
What is the difference between a microprobe thin section and a standard thin section, and why do you think this. We present a mineral chemical stratigraphy across the ug2 unit, situated in the upper critical zone of the bushveld complex. Stirred millingnew comminution technology in the pgm industry. Jan 21, 2016 the use of ammonium phosphate flux was also shown to facilitate the isolation of a green chromium precipitate with a 98.